WHAT IS LENT?

According to history 4,000 years before the birth of Christ Lent was already being observed! It was still being observed during the time of Jesus and in the days of the Apostles. Yet, Christ did not institute it and He never observed it! The Apostles and the early apostolic church never observed it either. When, where and who started the practice of Lent?

The Lenten season is a period of abstinence of 40 days, beginning with Ash Wednesday. The word Lent comes from an old English word “Lenten” which means the spring time. The celebration of Lent originally was associated with the spring. But, nowadays it is celebrated in the winter! Why? Where did it originate and when was the celebration changed from spring to winter?

If we look back in history to the close of the second century, a hundred years after the death of the last Apostle, we find that in a letter written to the bishop of Rome about Lent the following; “For the controversy is not only concerning the day, (there was a controversy over the time to celebrate the day called Easter) but also concerning the very manner of the fast (the fast of the Lenten season.). For some think that they should fast one day, others two, yet others more and some forty days.” This letter was written by Ireneaus, a bishop form Lyon, France. “And this variety in its observance,” continued Irenaeus, “has not originated in our time, but long before in that of our ancestors. It is likely they did not hold to strict accuracy and thus formed a custom for their posterity according to private fancy,” not Apostolic authority or Christ’s command! [History of the Church by Eusebio, book 5, chapter 24]

Lent came into the church through custom, through private fancy. The church observed Lent, not because the Bible commanded it, but because professing Christians adopted the custom from their gentile neighbors. “As long as the perfection of the primitive church, the inspired Apostolic church, remained inviolable,” wrote Cassian, a Catholic historian of the 5^th century, “there was no observance of Lent, but when men began to decline from the Apostolic fervour of devotion, then the priests in general agreed to recall them from secular cares by a canonical induction of fasting…” [Antiquities of the Christian Church, book 21, chapter 1]. Fasting or abstinence from certain foods was imposed after the days of the Apostles by the authority of the priests! Lent is not of Apostolic origin. It did not originate with Christ or His Apostles. It entered at the same time that Easter did! It was introduced to the Christendom of the Roman world in the second century together with Easter Sunday. But, when did Easter Sunday originate?

     

Here is what Socates Scholasticus wrote in the Ecclesiastical History, not long after Emperor Constantine came to power in the fourth century of the Christian era, “Neither the Apostles, therefore, nor the Gospels, have anywhere imposed Easter, where fore in as much as men love festivals, because they afford them cessation from labor: each individual in every place, according to his own pleasure, has by a prevalent custom celebrated (Easter). The Saviour and His Apostles have enjoined us by no law to keep this feast, just as many other customs have been established in individual localities according to usage, so also the feast of Easter came to be observed in each place, according to the individual peculiarities of the peoples inasmuch as none of the Apostles legislated on the matter. And that the observance originated not by legislation, but as a custom the facts themselves indicate” [chapter 22]. Easter originated as a custom of the people and so did Lent. Lent is merely the introduction to Easter. Easter is the climax of Lent.

From what city did the celebration of Lent begin to spread throughout the professing Christianity of the Roman world? The Catholic Encyclopedia records the following: “In any case it is certain from the festival letters of Saint Athanasius that in 331, he enjoined upon his flock a period of forty days of fasting preliminary to, Holy week and second that in 339, after having traveled to Rome and over the greater part of Europe, [he] wrote in the strongest terms to urge this observance [of Lent] upon the people under his jurisdiction.” Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria in Egypt, was influenced by Roman customer. It was at Rome that not only Easter, but also Lent, entered the Christian world. Irenaeus confirmed this when he wrote in his famous letter that Lent and Easter were introduced during the time of Bishop Xystus of Rome. This Bishop did not permit those after him to observe the Apostolic practice of commemorating the death of Jesus. Instead he introduced the custom of Easter and Lent. But, from where did the Bishops of Rome obtain the custom of Lent?

In the early church, Lent was always called “Tessarakoste,” in Greek, or “Quadragesima” in Latin. These two words mean; “count forty”. Lent, though sometimes celebrated for only one or two days or for several weeks, was always called the celebration of forty days! Why? Why should a period of abstinence have gone by this name even though it was not until the beginning of the eighth century after Christ that the final number of forty days was fastened on the whole church? The answer is obvious, abstinence among the pagans was by the name “count forty” because that is the length of time they celebrated their spring festival! Remember, the word Lent means “spring”. The historian Wilkinson, in his book Egyptian Antiquities, chapter 3 page 181, wrote that the pagans kept fasts, many of which lasted from seven to forty two days and sometimes even a longer period.

The original length of the fast, traced back to ancient Babylon 4,000 years ago, was a forty day fast in the spring of the year [from the book Nineveh and Babylonia, by Layard, chapter 4, page 93]. That is why it bore its name of “forty days” or Lent! Each nation gradually changed the length of celebration, but they all retained the name. The professing Christians of the second century merely adopted the customs found in their respecdtive countries, which is why they were divided as to its length from the beginning. It took the churches of the western world nearly eight centuries to re-impose a total period of forty days abstinence as had been the original custom at Babylon. Christianity today has turned to pagan customs instead of the commands of God found in the Bible.

Lent is nowhere commanded or mentioned in the New Testament but, it is mentioned in the Old Testament! Lent was an indispensable preliminary to the great annual festival in commemoration of the death and resurrection of Tammuz, the pagan Babylonian counterfeit of the Messiah. The Babylonian lunar months of June and July were named in honor of this false Babylonian messiah. Forty days preceding the feast of Tammuz, usually celebrated in June, the pagans held their Lenten season.

Ezekiel describes it vividly in chapter eight of his book the thirteenth and fourteenth verses: “He said also unto me, turn thee yet again and thou shalt see greater abominations.” You will notice that God calls what Ezekiel is about to see an abomination. What does the prophet see? “And, behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz.” They wept for Tammuz, the false messiah of the pagans. That weeping preceded the pagan festival in honor of a supposed resurrection of Tammuz. Fasting was joined with weeping for a period of forty days before the festival in honor of Tammuz. The period of fasting, weeping and semi fasting take place during the springtime. That is why the word Lent means “spring”. Lent is a continuation of the pagan springtime custom of abstaining from certain foods just prior to celebrating a supposed resurrection of a pagan Babylonian deity. God calls the celebration of Lent an abomination. That is why Christ and the Apostolic Church never observed it! The Apostle Paul forbade the believers to observe these pagan “times or seasons” (Galatians 4:10).

Surely the people nowadays are sincere, but so were the pagans. But, what if Easter and Lent are ancient pagan festivals? Isn’t it still all right, if we use them to honor Christ? That’s the way people reason. Let God answer that question. God spoke to Moses to warn the people that they should not follow these customs of the pagans. Here are the words of God: “Take heed…that thou enquire not after their gods, saying; how did these nations serve their gods? Even so will I do likewise. Thou shalt not do so unto the Lord thy God! For every abomination to the Lord, which he hateth, have they done unto their gods: (Deut. 12:30-31).

Here is what God says. It doesn’t matter what we think, but it does matter what He thinks. He calls these pagan Easter and Lenten customs abominations because they commemorate false ideas. The penitence of Lent is a form of worldly sorrow over the things that smite one’s conscience. But, conscience is not sufficient guide to right or wrong. The penitence of Lent is a counterfeit of genuine repentance of sin. Easter commemorates a supposed Sunday morning resurrection of Jesus, though in fact Jesus was resurrected, according to the Bible, on Saturday evening, after He had been in the tomb three days and three nights. It is therefore not surprising that the apostles could never have taught the Church the observance of these heathen customs. Is it any wonder that Jeremiah was inspired to write: “Learn not the way of the heathen…for the customs of the people are in vain” (Jeremiah 10:2-3).

Notice that Lent precedes immediately the celebration of Resurrection Sunday (Easter), supposedly that of Christ. But, Christ did not resurrect on a Sunday. The New Testament, in none of its passages, orders us to observe Christ's resurrection. What we are commanded to observe is the commemoration of his death. The Primitive Apostolic Church observed that one commemorative, but it never celebrated either Easter Sunday or Lent. God never ordered the celebration of this Sunday in honor of the resurrection. All this is in honor of the false messiah, Tammuz.

Easter Sunday and Lent celebrate the resurrection of the false Christ. Paul warned about the spread of this custom: "For if he that cometh preacheth another Jesus, whom we have not preached ...” (II Corinthians 11:4). And this is exactly what has happened. Lent celebrates another Jesus, the false Messiah of Babylonia. The celebration of a festival on Sunday, to honor the resurrection, comes directly from paganism. The pagans were celebrating the resurrection of Tammuz, immediately after Lent. This festival was propagated throughout the professing Christian world after the death of the apostles.

Notice that immediately after the observance of Lent, the prophet Ezekiel sees that the people celebrate a sun rise service of resurrection: “Then said he unto me, Hast thou seen this…? [The fasting of Lent] Turn thee yet again, and thou shalt see greater abominations than these”. [What does the prophet see?] Men prostrating themselves to the East, and worshipping the Sun! Sun rise services on Easter Sunday, the culmination of the forty days of Lent (Ezekiel 8:15-16).