“And one of the scribes came, and having heard
them reasoning together, and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked
him, Which is the first commandment of all? And Jesus answered him, The first
of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:
And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul,
and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first
commandment. And the second is like, namely this, Thou
shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater
than these. And the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the
truth: for there is one God; and there is none other but he: And to love him
with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and
with all the strength, and to love his neighbour as himself, is more
than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices. And when Jesus saw that he
answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of
God.” (Mark 12:28-34)
It is in the area of what God expects
of us that there has been one of the greatest areas of differences of opinion
between various religious perspectives down through time. Before Judaism became
prominent, most religions in the ancient world did not proclaim that the gods
had moral expectations of people. The main expectation was that people would
pay them homage with sacrifices. In the case of the Greek gods, many of them
behaved in ways that were far from moral themselves, even having sexual affairs
with mortals. They also were often engaged in acts of deception against each
other. Egyptian gods showed similar characteristics. The Canaanite fertility
goddesses were worshipped by going into cult prostitutes and having sex with
them. It was in this context that Judaism proclaimed a God who demanded sexual
fidelity, honesty, and integrity. This was radical thinking for the time!
TODAY’S DIFFERENT VIEWS
This difference persists today. Some
New Age thinking would return us to these primitive perspectives where God is
seen as demanding little of people ethically. Many of the Islamic faith believe
that God expects his followers to be involved in “holy wars,” while there are
some in the Christian church that say that God expects us to be pacifists.
Certainly, even within the Christian church itself, there have been a variety
of perspectives on what God expects of us in the areas of personal care
(smoking, drinking, social issues {abortion, war, death penalty}).
GOD HAS REVEALED HIMSELF
God has revealed himself to us in the
Bible both to show what He is like and to let us know what He expects of us. In
the Old Testament, there was a greater emphasis on proclaiming what God expects
through long lists of rules and regulations, things to do, and actions to
avoid. Over time these lists got longer and more complicated, through the
interpretations of various rabbis. Because of that, concise summary statements
of what God expects had great appeal. Such statements can be found in both the
Old and New testaments (Micah 6:6-8; James 1:27). In this passage, Jesus
gives the most important summary of what He expects of us. By looking at this
passage we can better evaluate what others say about God’s expectations of us.
One of the most consistent links made
in the New Testament is the link between loving God and loving people around
us. Here Jesus tells us that to love God and to love our neighbors are the two greatest
commandments. In a story in Matthew’s gospel that is similar to this one, Jesus
further says, “On these two commandments hang all the law and the
prophets.” (Matt.22:40). Then in Matthew 25, He teaches
what could be thought of as a result of this teaching, that showing love to
“one of the least” of the people in need around us is the same as showing love
to Him (Matt. 25:31-46). John tells us in I John 4:20, “If
a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth
not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?”
James tells us that it is inconsistent for the same mouth to bless God and
curse the people around us who were made in His image (James 3:9). What
all of this says is that the cold-hearted religious person, with a Bible in
hand and scowl on his face, looking for people to judge and condemn, is clearly
counter to what God expects of us.
Jesus’ response begins with the
“Shema,” (v.29) which essentially declares that the Lord is one. While
this statement may look like a theological statement with little to say about
what God expects of us, it nevertheless has implications. In the time before
Israel’s mono-theism gained a foothold, it was thought that each nation had its
own separate god. A nation’s god or gods would care for the people of that
nation against the people of other nations, and if there was a conflict, the
strongest god or gods would win. This poly-theism was hence part of the
division between people. But to declare that God is truly one is to also
declare that God is the Lord of us all. That means we need to treat each other
as children of the same God, as family.
Jesus then goes on to give what He
considered to be the greatest commandment: That we must love God with
all our heart, soul, mind and strength. That means, with all we are! This
is a love that goes far beyond lip service. When all the attractions that the
world has to offer are fighting for first place in our hearts, we need to make
it clear that that place goes to God alone. When people try to use intellectual
arguments to create doubt and turn us into skeptics, we need to love God
with all our minds. When we have been running here, there, and everywhere until
we are exhausted, but then we become convinced that God is calling us to do one
more thing, we need to love God with all our strength.
The command to love God in this way
is inclusive of several Old Testament commands. The person who loves God will
not put anything or anyone else above Him (Ex. 20:4-6); nor will they
refer to God in a disrespectful way (Ex. 20:7), Loving God also means
setting aside time each week to worship and praise Him (Ex. 20:8-11).
Jesus’ second most important command
was that we love our neighbor as ourselves. Here it is significant to point out
that this command assumes that a person will love himself. That is not always
the case, however. Some people were brought up by parents or
guardians who never had anything good to say about them, and in the process,
they developed a very negative view of themselves. Such people have a very
difficult time loving others as well. As an example of this, many psychotic
killers who are caught want to die. The lack of value they place on the lives
of others has come out of their lack of valuing their own life. What God calls
us to do is to value each life, God has created, as
precious beyond compare, whether that life is our own or someone else’s. This
respect for life is based on the first commandment, the commandment to love
God. We are God’s creations, God’s works of art. We love God by treasuring His
works of art.
The idea that we must love ourselves
goes back to early Christian theology. Early Christian theology stated that there
are four stages of Christian maturity. The first is “love of self for self’s
sake.” This is the stage where most people are, where they are at the center of
their lives, and their concern does not reach far beyond themselves. The second
stage is “the love of God for self’s sake.” This is a stage where many remain,
where they love God because they believe it will benefit them. It will get them
into heaven and help them avoid hell. This isn’t a bad stage. It's where many
of us begin our Christian life. Still, it isn’t the highest stage, either. The
third stage is “love of God for God’s sake.” This is where we love God, not
just for what He can do for us, but because God above all else is worthy of
love. And yet, as high as this stage is, there is a stage beyond this one. This
last stage is “love of self for God’s sake.” This stage is finding a new love
for ourselves because we were made by God as God’s greatest creation. Once we
love ourselves, then we must have an equal love for those around us, treasuring
them also as God’s works of art.
Even as the command to love God is
inclusive of several commandments, so the command to love our neighbor as ourselves
summarizes and includes a variety of commandments as well. People who truly
love their neighbor will honor their family and especially the parents who
nurtured them (Ex. 20:12). They will not murder or do acts of
violence (Ex. 20:13), or violate their sexual commitment to their spouse
(Ex. 20:14), or take what belongs to their neighbor (Ex.
20:15), or lie to their neighbor (Ex. 20:16), or sit around
resenting their neighbor’s blessings (Ex. 20:17). People will do these
things, not because they have been meticulously following a list of do’s and
don’ts, but because it is the nature of love.
If we say that God expects us to love
Him and our neighbor, what happens when we fail to do so? What happens to those
days when it seems everything is going wrong and we’re in a grouchy mood and
before we even think about it we are speaking harsh, unloving words to the people
we are supposed to be loving? Will God then reject us for our failure? To think
that, overlooks one very important factor in our situation, that God is Himself
the essence of love (I John 4:8). If we don’t think it’s very loving to
jump all over someone for their every failure, why would God, who
is the essence of love, do so? Rather, He has provided for our failure by
loving us and dying for us to pay the penalty for our moral failures.
Learning to love means learning some
concrete things we can do to express that love, both to God and the people
around us. It is not enough to just love in the abstract. You must show your
love for your neighbors not only with words but with actions.