SAINT VALENTINE’S DAY

“Thus saith the Lord, Learn not the way of the heathen…For the customs of the people are vain…” (Jeremiah 10:2-3)

February 14 is called by some, Valentine's Day, but it is historically known as the day of Saint Valentine. In any encyclopedia and almost in any dictionary, we see that the Roman Cupid was the same Greek Eros, symbols both, of sensual love. Cupid was a god of the Romans and this explains why the Roman Catholic Institution put it in the Gregorian calendar, only with the name of “Saint Valentine,” on February 14, doing a miscellany of pagan religions.

In the Greek religion they were rejuvenating the god Eros, until he became an infant in the Hellenic era. The words “eroticism” and “erotic” come precisely from the Greek word “Eros”, and the main center of worship of this god was in Boeotia, Thespiae, where they celebrated in his honor  the "Erotidias" (great orgies with erotic sexual frenzies of all kinds), but he also shared a sanctuary with Aphrodite (Greek goddess of fertility, beauty and love), in the northern part of the Acropolis of Athens, and this does not surprise us, given that this Greek goddess was his mother (mother of Eros or Cupid) and as this one, he has had different names, according to the country that have adopted them. Thus, in history we find Eros as the son of Ashtaroth, son of Iris, son of Aphrodite, son of Venus, etc. And it is that mother and child have been represented through the centuries by different cultures and in different and similar ways.

In similar fashion, we see Eros as the Slavonic gods Yarilo and Kupala (Yarilo comes from the adjective yari that means ardently, passionately, uncontrollably). We find the worship of Yarilo deeply established among Slavonic pagans, until the end of the 18th century; this was the god of spring and of fertility and for this reason he was honored in the spring, at planting time. The celebration and the sending of cards of Saint Valentine became popular in England in the 14th century; because the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, mentioned that it is on February 14 when the birds begin to mate. English youth still accustomed on this day the exchanging of  anonymous letters full of flirtatious remarks and satires, and it is noteworthy to mention that the English word "sow" means "seeding" and “ to do juvenile escapades ”, this is also what we see in relation with the gods Yarilo and Kupala (gods of sowing) with the juvenile escapades of Valentine. Kupala means to bathe and in June, the Slavs would bathe in the rivers, and would drown their idol when the sunset or they would burn it. The worship of trees was essential in the worship of Yarilo and this same god was worshiped by the Serbian, who only burned it.

This way we can realize the real identity of Valentine or Cupid who is the same son of the goddess, Aphrodite or Ashtaroth (Judges 2:13-14; 10:6), or Semiramis, or Diana; the latter is represented, as her son, with a bow and arrow, known as the goddess of the forest and the hunt (Diana the Warrior). About Cupid's arrows, this has several stories which have also varied according to culture, histories that are summed up in an incestuous relationship and abnormal between mother, son and daughter-in-law, in which the heart intervenes, symbolizing the profane love.

Sexual love has always been the essential ingredients in the observance of Valentine’s Day. This was true in ancient Rome, during the Middle Ages, and it is true today. Moreover, the mid February date of this observance has not changed. Only the name has changed, since February 14 is the eve of the Roman festival originally called Lupercalia.

The Valentine of Roman days was less refined, however, than its modern celebration. After sacrifice of goats and a dog, the priests, called Luperci, traditionally ran, in two bands, a marked course around the city on this day, scantily dressed only in goatskin girdles and carrying strips of goat skin with which they struck women to take away their infertility. The strips bore the name “Februa,” a word connected with Februare, “to purify,” hence the day was called “Februatus” and the month Februarius.

Lupercalia was, or became, connected with the legendary she-wolf (Latin lupus-wolf) who suckled Remus and Romulus, the eponymous founders of Rome; and “wolf” was a synonym in Rome for a sexually available woman. So the day became connected with Venus, goddess of sexual love. Venus’ son Cupid also played an important part in this love feast.

Roman mythology ascribes to mother and son the power to instill passion in people, and with their love potion they also had the power to make love cease. Cupid is often portrayed shooting arrows into the hearts of hapless victims. Usually naked, winged and armed with a bow and arrow, Cupids are still portrayed in modern times on Valentine cards.

As can be well imagined, a bawdy festival of sex and love was popular with the masses of Rome. The Christian church, on the other hand, had no desire to perpetuate Lupercalia and so tried to uproot this love feast. But the attempt met with failure. The pagan population of the empire, as well as many recently converted Christians, continued its observation.

Eventually the church decided that the only way this matter could be handled was to let the people of the empire, including members of the church, continue keeping the Lupercalia feast, but to rededicate it for another purpose. This policy of religious compromise was used quite effectively by the early Catholic Church fathers.

Once the Roman emperors embraced Christianity, church growth became explosive. In order to quickly convert the pagan populace, the church felt it could not be hard on prospective members. Some church leaders reasoned that if Christianity was to conquer the world, it could best do so by relaxing what the world perceived as too rigid principles of the teachings of Christ.

Another effective way of gaining members was to blend and incorporate popular pagan beliefs and practices with Christian ones, syncretism. Seeing that the masses could not be persuaded to relinquish many of their superstitious customs, the attempt was made to add Christian concepts to the superstitious feasts. The historical development of the Christian church shows that, for almost every pagan ceremony, some Christian rite was introduced.

So, beginning with A.D. 496, the Roman populace could still come to their love feast, no longer dedicated to Venus, the goddess of love, but to the Virgin Mary and the saints. The Lupercalia was officially christened “Saint Valentine’s Day.”  The attention of the masses on each February 14 was now to be centered on Christian saints. People could still draw lots for their “Valentines,” but with the names of saints written on them instead.

The name was chosen because third century church records already revealed a tradition about a certain presbyter named Valentine who had married couples secretly against the edict of Emperor Claudius II and had been executed for doing so. He had now been elevated to sainthood, and as it happened, his day of commemoration was February 14, the same day as Lupercalia. So Gelasivs, bishop of Rome, officially Christianize Lupercalia and renamed it “Saint Valentine’s Day.”

When the Protestants came on the scene, Saint Valentine fell into the background, since Protestants did not hold to the concept that saints are worthy of celebration. People went back to drawing the names of ordinary young men and women choosing themselves partners for the celebration. Saints and Christianity had never become a major part of the festival.

Cupid was still there. So were the arrowed hearts. Lots were still drawn as chance directed, the day was still the original Roman day and it was as popular as ever. In the late Middle Ages a lot of folklore developed, such as the belief that birds were said to mate on February 14. It was also held that the first person of the opposite sex one encountered on the morning of Valentine’s Day was to become one’s future spouse. Love potions were considered especially potent on this day.

To participate in the practices of Valentine’s Day or Cupid, although they have been modified over the years and candies and romantic cards are given, we are displeasing God, as well as when He was upset with the people who served Ashtaroth (Judges 10:6-7). If we say that we serve the true God, it is best that we do so taking into account I Samuel 7:3: “Then Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel, saying, “If you return to the Lord with all your hearts, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you, and prepare your hearts for the Lord, and serve Him only; and He will deliver you from the hand of the Philistines.”